{"id":31661,"date":"2025-08-11T16:51:39","date_gmt":"2025-08-11T14:51:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prins.swiss\/?p=31661"},"modified":"2025-08-11T17:10:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T15:10:38","slug":"lia-un-inventeur-non-dit-le-tribunal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prins.swiss\/fr\/lia-un-inventeur-non-dit-le-tribunal\/","title":{"rendered":"L’IA, un inventeur ? Non, dit le Tribunal !"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nos experts analysent l’arr\u00eat du Tribunal administratif f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du 26 juin 2025(B-2532\/2024<\/a>) refusant les droits d’inventeur \u00e0 l’IA, premi\u00e8re d\u00e9cision en la mati\u00e8re en Suisse.<\/h3>\n

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De quoi s’agit-il ?<\/h2>\n

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Au c\u0153ur de cet arr\u00eat se trouve la question de savoir si un syst\u00e8me d’intelligence artificielle (IA) – en l’occurrence le syst\u00e8me DABUS – peut l\u00e9galement \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l’inventeur d’un brevet. L’informaticien am\u00e9ricain Stephen L. Thaler avait d\u00e9pos\u00e9 un brevet aupr\u00e8s de l’Institut f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle (IPI) pour un nouveau type de r\u00e9cipient alimentaire. Cependant, il ne s’est pas pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme l’inventeur, mais plut\u00f4t l’IA appel\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0DABUS\u00a0\u00bb. Il a fait valoir que l’IA avait cr\u00e9\u00e9 l’invention de mani\u00e8re enti\u00e8rement autonome, sans intervention humaine. <\/p>\n

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Points cl\u00e9s de la d\u00e9cision<\/h2>\n

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L’IPI a rejet\u00e9 la demande. Motif : Selon la loi suisse sur les brevets, seules les personnes physiques peuvent \u00eatre reconnues comme inventeurs. L’intelligence artificielle n’est pas une personne morale et ne peut donc pas \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9e en tant qu’inventeur. M. Thaler a fait appel de cette d\u00e9cision. <\/p>\n

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Arr\u00eat de la Cour administrative f\u00e9d\u00e9rale<\/h2>\n

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La Cour administrative f\u00e9d\u00e9rale a largement confirm\u00e9 le point de vue de l’instance inf\u00e9rieure. Il a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 qu’un syst\u00e8me d’intelligence artificielle tel que DABUS ne pouvait \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un inventeur. La d\u00e9finition l\u00e9gale de l’inventeur pr\u00e9suppose un acte humain de cr\u00e9ation. Selon la loi, une demande de brevet sans d\u00e9signation de l’inventeur n’est pas non plus possible. <\/p>\n

Toutefois, le tribunal a donn\u00e9 raison \u00e0 M. Thaler sur un point : \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 qu’il avait entra\u00een\u00e9 l’IA, lui avait fourni des donn\u00e9es et avait finalement reconnu l’invention brevetable et l’avait soumise \u00e0 l’autorit\u00e9, sa contribution \u00e9tait suffisante pour qu’il soit lui-m\u00eame consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un inventeur l\u00e9gal. Le tribunal a donc ordonn\u00e9 \u00e0 l’IPI de poursuivre le traitement de la demande de brevet – avec M. Thaler en tant qu’inventeur. <\/p>\n

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Tendance mondiale<\/h2>\n

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Cette d\u00e9cision s’ajoute \u00e0 de nombreux jugements comparables dans le monde entier. L’Office europ\u00e9en des brevets, l’Office allemand des brevets et des marques, ainsi que les autorit\u00e9s du Royaume-Uni, d’Australie, de Ta\u00efwan et des \u00c9tats-Unis ont \u00e9galement statu\u00e9 dans des cas similaires : l’intelligence artificielle ne peut pas (encore) \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un inventeur. <\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/new.prins.swiss\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/PRINS-losange.png\u00a0\u00bb title_text=\u00a0\u00bbPRINS-losange\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb8%\u00a0\u00bb module_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.27.4″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bb003e9429-8e11-4d9e-968b-8881092bbf81″ header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbNoto Serif Display|600|||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb45px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.35em\u00a0\u00bb use_background_color_gradient=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_stops=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(55,43,155,0.61) 0%|rgba(221,190,64,0.79) 99%\u00a0\u00bb background_color_gradient_overlays_image=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/new.prins.swiss\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/b30xl_m3fso.jpg\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||45px|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb66px||59px|||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb20px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|desktop\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Quel impact dans la pratique ?<\/h2>\n

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Ce verdict concerne l’avenir de la technologie et de l’innovation. Le r\u00f4le de l’IA dans les processus cr\u00e9atifs et techniques devient de plus en plus important. L’intelligence artificielle peut soutenir de nombreux processus et inventions, mais juridiquement, l’homme reste au centre du droit des brevets. L’inventeur au sens de la loi reste l’\u00eatre humain, et non la machine. Une IA comme DABUS ne peut pas \u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9e comme l’inventeur officiel dans le brevet. Par cons\u00e9quent, toute personne utilisant l’IA dans des activit\u00e9s de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement doit garder \u00e0 l’esprit qu’en fin de compte, c’est toujours un individu qui doit agir en tant qu’inventeur pour le brevet. Toute personne qui utilise et forme une IA, reconna\u00eet et utilise ses r\u00e9sultats peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un inventeur – \u00e0 condition que l’implication humaine puisse \u00eatre prouv\u00e9e. <\/p>\n

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Impact sur les autres droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/h2>\n

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M\u00eame si l’arr\u00eat ne concerne que le droit des brevets, la r\u00e8gle de base de la \u00ab\u00a0personne physique\u00a0\u00bb en tant que titulaire de droits s’applique \u00e9galement \u00e0 d’autres droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 tels que les marques et les droits d’auteur : Les syst\u00e8mes d’IA ne sont pas des entit\u00e9s juridiques ind\u00e9pendantes et ne peuvent donc pas avoir des droits similaires \u00e0 ceux des auteurs ou des propri\u00e9taires de marques. Les personnes morales restent des individus ou des entreprises. <\/p>\n

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En r\u00e9sum\u00e9,<\/h2>\n

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L’IA ne peut pas obtenir seule des droits d’inventeur ou d’autres droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle. Les personnes restent juridiquement responsables et sont les inventeurs au sens de la loi. <\/h3>\n

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Commentaire de la d\u00e9cision du Tribunal administratif f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du 26 juin 2025 (B-2532\/2024)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31694,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[34,36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31661","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dernieres-actualites","category-patentes"],"yoast_head":"\nL'IA, un inventeur ? 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